What are the 12 major categories of gross negligence?

Looking at your question, you said that an acquaintance caused an accident by running a signal, and the '12 major categories of gross negligence' you mentioned are quite different in nature from an ordinary traffic accident.

The 12 major categories of gross negligence refer to traffic accidents that occur through the 12 types of serious negligence prescribed by law.

Unlike a simple contact accident, they refer to accidents in which the degree of the driver's violation of the duty of care is judged to be clear and serious.

Representative examples include running a signal, crossing the center line, speeding at 20km/h or more over the speed limit, and violating the duty to protect pedestrians at a crosswalk.

An important point is that an accident falling under the 12 major categories of gross negligence may be subject to criminal punishment regardless of whether comprehensive automobile insurance has been taken out.

Therefore, rather than being handled solely through insurance like a simple contact accident, it is a serious matter in which criminal, administrative, and civil liability may arise at the same time.

In sum, unlike an ordinary traffic accident, an accident falling under the 12 major categories of gross negligence is a type of accident classified as legally serious negligence, and you may understand it as an accident in which the driver's liability is assessed far more heavily and which may lead to criminal punishment.

For details, please confirm through a consultation with an attorney specializing in traffic accidents.